{"id":2892,"date":"2021-02-22T12:07:04","date_gmt":"2021-02-22T11:07:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/?p=2892"},"modified":"2021-02-26T16:26:55","modified_gmt":"2021-02-26T15:26:55","slug":"topic-3-tendances-mondiales-durant-et-apres-la-pandemie-de-covid-19-et-impact-de-cette-derniere-sur-leconomie-mondiale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/?p=2892&lang=fr","title":{"rendered":"Topic 3: Tendances mondiales durant et apr\u00e8s la pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 et impact de cette derni\u00e8re sur l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2892\" class=\"elementor elementor-2892\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-77cd1c4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"77cd1c4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bf0885f\" data-id=\"bf0885f\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-36fec6e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"36fec6e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Topic 3<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-483d6a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"483d6a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p>18\/03\/2021<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0b6e6d elementor-aspect-ratio-169 elementor-widget elementor-widget-video\" data-id=\"a0b6e6d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;aspect_ratio&quot;:&quot;169&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"video.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-wrapper elementor-fit-aspect-ratio elementor-open-inline\">\n\t\t\t<iframe class=\"elementor-video-iframe\" allowfullscreen title=\"youtube Video Player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/1665wb5lLBQ?feature=oembed&amp;start&amp;end&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;loop=0&amp;controls=1&amp;mute=0&amp;rel=0&amp;modestbranding=0\"><\/iframe>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5423803 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"5423803\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-133a7ac4 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"133a7ac4\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-17e14a29\" data-id=\"17e14a29\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9fa971 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"a9fa971\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Intro<\/b><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24cb7c60 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24cb7c60\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><\/p>\n<p><b>Perte de PIB.<\/b> La pand\u00e9mie de COVID-19 a un impact majeur sur les d\u00e9cisions \u00e9conomiques, sociales et politiques. Partout dans le monde, les \u00e9conomies d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es et \u00e9mergentes souffrent de baisses significatives de leur PIB. Les pr\u00e9visions semblaient favorables \u00e0 une relance au cours des derniers mois de 2020 ou en 2021, mais l\u2019impact r\u00e9cessif de la pand\u00e9mie et les cons\u00e9quences de la crise sont incertains et pourraient s\u2019inscrire sur le long terme.&nbsp;<\/p><p><b>Vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019hypermondialisation.<\/b> La crise actuelle tire son origine de chocs simultan\u00e9s dans l\u2019offre et la demande, entra\u00een\u00e9s par le gel des \u00e9conomies d\u00fb au confinement et aux mesures d\u2019urgence adopt\u00e9es. Toutefois, l\u2019ampleur et les cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 long terme de la pand\u00e9mie d\u00e9pendent \u00e9galement du fait que les pays les plus durement touch\u00e9s sont ceux qui sont davantage int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans les cha\u00eenes logistiques transnationales.&nbsp;<\/p><p>C<b>ompromis entre \u00ab ouverture des \u00e9conomies et protectionnisme \u00bb.<\/b> R\u00e9duire les connexions mondiales entre les \u00e9conomies sous la pression psychologique de la pand\u00e9mie et en r\u00e9ponse aux arguments politiques en faveur de l\u2019autosuffisance nationale dans la fourniture des biens essentiels constituerait \u00e9galement une r\u00e9action risqu\u00e9e de la part des pays. L\u2019un des effets favorables d\u2019un monde interconnect\u00e9 est la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019actions publiques positives \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale telles que la lutte contre le changement climatique et la pollution, la diffusion du savoir et la formation, le progr\u00e8s scientifique, les droits humains, les conqu\u00eates m\u00e9dicales et la lutte mondiale contre les maladies end\u00e9miques.&nbsp;<\/p><p><b>Explosion de la dette publique.<\/b> Dans le contexte actuel, il est tr\u00e8s probable que la dette publique explose \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale. Les dettes publiques, d\u00e9j\u00e0 tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9es dans la plupart des pays, risquent notamment d\u2019augmenter &#8211; ce qui ajoutera probablement de la pression sur les march\u00e9s financiers &#8211; pour faire face \u00e0 la phase actuelle d\u2019urgence \u00e9conomique, mais aussi \u00e0 la phase suivante. De plus, une croissance illimit\u00e9e de ces dettes n\u2019est probablement pas soutenable ind\u00e9finiment.&nbsp;<\/p><p>Trois tendances existaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 avant la crise du COVID-19 : l\u2019attitude de retrait par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019hypermondialisation, la relation entre le march\u00e9 et le gouvernement, ce dernier jouant un r\u00f4le de plus en plus significatif, et la diminution du taux de croissance. Plut\u00f4t que d\u2019\u00e9tablir de nouvelles r\u00e8gles du jeu, la pand\u00e9mie a probablement davantage jou\u00e9 un r\u00f4le d\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9rateur des tendances existantes.&nbsp;<\/p><p><b>Politiques expansives et coop\u00e9ration internationale.<\/b> Les cha\u00eenes logistiques internationales repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019un des principaux facteurs d\u2019incertitude dans la reprise mondiale. La vitesse \u00e0 laquelle les gouvernements de tous les grands pays sont capables de mettre en place des mesures fiscales et mon\u00e9taires expansives sera capitale. Pour sortir de la crise, une coop\u00e9ration internationale maximale en mati\u00e8re de politique mon\u00e9taire sera n\u00e9cessaire entre les banques centrales afin de stabiliser les march\u00e9s financiers internationaux et d\u2019assurer de la liquidit\u00e9 pour les \u00e9conomies et les gouvernements du monde entier. Le secteur priv\u00e9 joue lui aussi un r\u00f4le essentiel dans le soutien aux interconnexions entre cha\u00eenes de valeur mondiales.&nbsp;<\/p><p><b>Mon\u00e9tisation de la dette publique.<\/b> Les dettes souveraines sont les principaux instruments utilis\u00e9s par les pays pour injecter des ressources dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie et stimuler la reprise de la productivit\u00e9. L\u2019une des solutions envisageables serait d\u2019injecter les ressources mon\u00e9taires cr\u00e9\u00e9es par les banques centrales dans le financement de mesures sp\u00e9cifiques d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de la pand\u00e9mie et de programmes cibl\u00e9s d\u2019investissement public. La mon\u00e9tisation de d\u00e9penses d\u2019investissement suppl\u00e9mentaires permettrait aux gouvernements de contenir la croissance de leur dette, y compris durant la phase de reprise. Ce financement mon\u00e9taire direct des d\u00e9penses publiques peut \u00eatre mis en \u0153uvre de diverses mani\u00e8res.<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7aa0268 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"7aa0268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-1097c88 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"1097c88\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-92ccb86\" data-id=\"92ccb86\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ffaff8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"3ffaff8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h1 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-xxl\">\u201c<\/h1>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-6f9d25d\" data-id=\"6f9d25d\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2121f5a elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2121f5a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Nous devons injecter les ressources mon\u00e9taires cr\u00e9\u00e9es par les banques centrales dans\nle financement de mesures sp\u00e9cifiques d\u2019att\u00e9nuation de la pand\u00e9mie et dans des\nprogrammes cibl\u00e9s d\u2019investissement public. Une bonne dette n\u2019est pas \u00e0 craindre\naujourd\u2019hui, d\u00e8s lors que les gouvernements font preuve de grande d\u00e9termination et de\ndiligence. C\u2019est ce principe que sous-tend le programme \u00ab Next Generation EU \u00bb. Dans\nle cas de la BCE, l\u2019un des instruments utilis\u00e9s pourrait \u00eatre une forme de mon\u00e9tisation\ntemporaire de la r\u00e8gle d\u2019or, passant par l\u2019achat de titres publics participatifs \u00e9mis pour\ncouvrir les d\u00e9penses effectives provenant de la mise en \u0153uvre des programmes\nd\u2019investissement public. Nous devons promouvoir le multilat\u00e9ralisme et la coop\u00e9ration\ninternationale afin de cr\u00e9er des politiques macro\u00e9conomiques solides pour une strat\u00e9gie\nde reprise plus efficace.<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8fe0b06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8fe0b06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-c2be363 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"c2be363\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-26419ef\" data-id=\"26419ef\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b1c4fa8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"b1c4fa8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d55c286 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d55c286\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><span style=\"font-weight: 700;\">Orateurs<\/span><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-093586d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"093586d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-73ad5f1\" data-id=\"73ad5f1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42cad42 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42cad42\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/GiovanniTria-pf9qk8nd12kv31oxx7xhzhhg0de08r9lvzk33762xo.jpg\" title=\"GiovanniTria\" alt=\"GiovanniTria\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ad09cfa\" data-id=\"ad09cfa\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b68adbf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b68adbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><h1><strong>Giovanni Tria<\/strong><\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f982c4f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f982c4f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd4bed7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"dd4bed7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fc871a4\" data-id=\"fc871a4\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4547556 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4547556\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Il est actuellement professeur d&#8217;\u00e9conomie politique \u00e0 l&#8217;Universit\u00e9 de Rome Tor Vergata, o\u00f9 il est doyen de la facult\u00e9 d&#8217;\u00e9conomie depuis 2017. Au fil des ans, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 conseiller principal dans divers minist\u00e8res (\u00e9conomie et finances, affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res, public Administration, Travail). De 2002 \u00e0 2006 et de 2009 \u00e0 2012, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 membre du conseil d&#8217;administration de l&#8217;Organisation internationale du travail (OIT). Du 1er janvier 2010 au 15 mars 2016, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident de l&#8217;\u00c9cole nationale d&#8217;administration. Le 31 mai 2018, Tria a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisie comme ministre de l&#8217;\u00c9conomie et des Finances.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8e5f5a0 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8e5f5a0\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2df91b9\" data-id=\"2df91b9\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57d4d7e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"57d4d7e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img src=\"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/julie-froud-pf9qk8nd12kv31oxx7xhzhhg0de08r9lvzk33762xo.jpg\" title=\"julie-froud\" alt=\"julie-froud\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ba6d2b8\" data-id=\"ba6d2b8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f75c943 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f75c943\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><h1 style=\"color: #3c4858;\"><strong>Julie Froud<\/strong><\/h1><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a43c4bd elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a43c4bd\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span>University of Manchester<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3378ecc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3378ecc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span>Professor of Financial Innovation<\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ab17967\" data-id=\"ab17967\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2957cd6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2957cd6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #000000; font-family: Open Sans, sans-serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Julie Froud est membre du groupe de sujets Organisations et Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de la division Personnes, Management et Organisations de MBS.<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5cf18d2 elementor-section-stretched elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5cf18d2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;stretch_section&quot;:&quot;section-stretched&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-row\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c254bed\" data-id=\"c254bed\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-efedcee\" data-id=\"efedcee\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-619c689 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"619c689\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb3206e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"fb3206e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\"><b>Voulez-vous \u00eatre mis \u00e0 jour?<\/b><\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e7c4ccf elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e7c4ccf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: #999999;\"><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">Laissez-nous votre email et vous recevrez toutes les mises \u00e0 jour li\u00e9es \u00e0 cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement<\/span><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8a9d412 elementor-widget elementor-widget-content_form_newsletter\" data-id=\"8a9d412\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"content_form_newsletter.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<form action=\"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/wp-admin\/admin-post.php\" method=\"post\" name=\"content-form-8a9d412\" id=\"content-form-8a9d412\" class=\"ti-cf-module content-form content-form-newsletter content_form_newsletter\"><input type=\"hidden\" id=\"_wpnonce_newsletter\" name=\"_wpnonce_newsletter\" value=\"71abde2c4f\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"_wp_http_referer\" value=\"\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fposts%2F2892\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"action\" value=\"content_form_submit\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form-type\" value=\"newsletter\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form-builder\" value=\"elementor\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"post-id\" value=\"2892\" \/><input type=\"hidden\" name=\"form-id\" value=\"8a9d412\" \/><fieldset class=\"content-form-field-email elementor-column elementor-col-100\"><label for=\"data[8a9d412][EMAIL]\" ><\/label><input type=\"text\" name=\"data[8a9d412][EMAIL]\" id=\"data[8a9d412][EMAIL]\" required=\"required\"  placeholder=\"Email\"><\/fieldset><fieldset class=\"submit-form newsletter\"><button type=\"submit\" name=\"submit\"  value=\"submit-newsletter-8a9d412\" class=\"\">soumettre<span ><span class=\" elementor-button-icon\"><\/span><\/span><\/button><\/fieldset><\/form>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-93446ff elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"93446ff\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-text-editor elementor-clearfix\"><p><span style=\"color: rgb(153, 153, 153);\">Sur la jointure, vous autorisez \u00e0 envoyer des informations sur les activit\u00e9s de la CES-Repenser<\/span><br><\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-12f0b81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"12f0b81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-16 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5c2503b\" data-id=\"5c2503b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>18\/03\/2021<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2178,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[36],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2892"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3090,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2892\/revisions\/3090"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/2178"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2892"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2892"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/est.etuc.org\/Rethink\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2892"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}